Baillarger and Jackson: the principle of Baillarger-Jackson in aphasia.

For a French neurologist whose neurological training has been carried out at the school of the Salpetriere, Paris, Queen Square seems to be, in a certain way, London's Salpetriere. This assumption may be partly true, since these two famous hospitals have been for years dedicated to the nursing and to the study of the diseases of the nervous system, and both have a rich and peculiar tradition and are proud to have inscribed great names in the golden book of neurological knowledge: on one side may be quoted the names of Hughlings Jackson, William Gowers, Victor Horsley, Kinnier Wilson, and on the other side the names of Charcot, Paul Broca, Dejerine, Pierre Marie. But it would also be easy to prove the comparison to be partly erroneous as many differences may be noticed in the organization and the orientation of the two great centres, which are not only demonstrated by the fact that Queen Square is now an institute of neurology, whereas the Salpetriere has not yet the same advantage. Meanwhile, there always have been and there are still many spiritual exchanges between British and French neurology, though they appear less important, of course, than those which exist between Queen Square and the schools of English-speaking countries. It is concerning one of the first connexions between Queen Square and the Salpetriere that I would attempt today a short evocation in this personal commemoration of the centenary of Queen Square. I shall speak of a remark made in 1865 by Baillarger and of the way Hughlings Jackson recognized its importance, giving to this subject an extraordinary development. These two connected works have brought, in my opinion, one of the most valuable interpretations of the physiopathology of aphasia. As this connexion appeared in 1865, this reminder would also be a sort of centenary recollection. Baillarger, a physician at the Salpetriere, already